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More than a third of the world population is affected by micronutrient malnutrition. Over 2 billion people have iron deficiency anemia; almost 2 billion are iodine deficient; more than a quarter of a billion children are vitamin A deficient. Deficiencies of zinc, folate and vitamin D (and possibly other vitamins and minerals) are also widespread, but their prevalence has not yet been established.
Source: World Health Organization, 2006

Micronutrient malnutrition severely impairs quality of life. It increases the risk of poor health, slows mental and physical development, and reduces work performance and earning potential. Micronutrient deficiencies are responsible for an estimated 7.3% of the global burden of disease, and impose high costs on virtually every developing nation. The World Bank puts the global cost burden associated with micronutrient malnutrition at $180 billion.

When nutrients lacking in the diet are added to a staple food vulnerable populations are able to consume the micronutrients important for their health in adequate amounts without them having to change their dietary habits. Food fortification can be done safely and efficiently (less burden on health-care systems) for a minimal investment (only a few cents per person annually). It is not only technically feasible, it is also the most economical way to reduce micronutrient malnutrition.